phylogeny of a angiosperms

The angiosperms are classified within the plant division Magnoliophyta, also referred to as the phylum Anthophyta. They are divided into two major clades or subclasses:

1. Magnoliidae: This clade includes the most primitive living angiosperms and comprises several orders, including Magnoliales, Laurales, and Piperales. These plants often have parts in multiples of three (e.g., petals, stamens) and are characterized by simple floral structures.

2. Monocotyledonae (monocots) and Eudicotyledonae (eudicots): These are the two main groups within the angiosperms.

   a) Monocotyledonae (monocots): Monocots include plants such as grasses, lilies, orchids, and palms. They are characterized by having a single embryonic leaf (cotyledon) in their seeds. Monocots exhibit a number of common characteristics, including parallel-veined leaves, scattered vascular bundles in the stem, and floral parts usually in multiples of three.

   b) Eudicotyledonae (eudicots): Eudicots are the largest group of angiosperms and encompass a vast array of plants, including roses, sunflowers, beans, and oak trees. They have two embryonic leaves (cotyledons) in their seeds. Eudicots are further divided into several major clades or orders, such as Ranunculales, Rosales, Fabales, Malpighiales, Brassicales, and Asterids.

The relationships among these major clades and the finer branches within them are still being refined through genetic and molecular studies, which provide insights into the evolutionary history of angiosperms. It's important to consult the latest scientific literature or online resources to explore the most up-to-date and detailed phylogenetic information on angiosperms.